Vai al contenuto

Species details



Home » Species details

DIVISION
Charophyta
CLASS
Conjugatophyceae
ORDER
Desmidiales
FAMILY
Desmidiaceae
GENUS
Staurastrum
SPECIES
Staurastrum gracile, Ralfs, 1848
IMAGES
Morphological Characteristics

Cells six-angled, the median constriction is shallow. Sinus with sharp small cut or more deep, nearly linear. Semicells different-shaped, sometimes triangle, usually more or less cup- or mug-shaped, slightly bulbous toward apex. Uppermost angles elongated into the long horizontal divergent, slightly divergent  processes. The processes of different length with several crosswise concentric rows of minute spines, at the end there are 3-4 sharp spines. From the top cells usually triangle, sometimes quadrangular or pentagonal with concave sides. The cell wall smooth or dotted, sometimes side of apex are with spines or granules.
 

 

Morphological Data
Distinctive morphometric characters
  • Length not including process: from 12 to 60 µm
  • Isthmus width: from 4 to 15 µm
  • Width with process: from 23 to 110 µm
Distribution
Freshwater species. cosmopolitan; planktic in lakes, ponds, rivers, swamps. 

Distribution: Europe: Austria (Lenzenweger 1997), Baltic Sea (Hällfors 2004), Britain (Brook & Johnson 2002, Whitton et al. 2003), Czech Republic (Stastny 2010), France (Kouwets 1999, Anon. 2012), Germany (Täuscher 2014), Ireland (John, Williamson & Guiry 2011), Italy (Abdelahad et al. 2003), Netherlands (Coesel 1997), Portugal (Cambra Sánchez, Álvarez Cobelas & Aboal Sanjurjo 1998), Romania (Caraus 2002, Caraus 2012), Serbia (Fuzinato et al. 2011 ), Slovenia (Vrhovsek et al. 2006), Spain (Cambra Sánchez, Álvarez Cobelas & Aboal Sanjurjo 1998), Turkey (Europe) (Sahín 2005). South America: Bolivia (Helbling, Villafañe, Buma, Andrade & Zaratti 2001), Brazil (Araújo et al. 2010). South-west Asia: Turkey (Asia) (Soylu & Gonulol 2006). Asia: China (Hu & Wei 2006). South-east Asia: Singapore (Pham et al. 2011). Australia and New Zealand: New South Wales (Day et al. 1995), New Zealand (Croasdale, Flint & Racine 1994), Northern Territory (Day et al. 1995), Queensland (Day et al. 1995), South Australia (Day et al. 1995), Tasmania (Day et al. 1995), Victoria (Day et al. 1995).

Notes

Very variable species in semicell shape, ratio of size of cell and processes and sculpture of cell wall. similar to S. paradoxum (the apex of semicell is smooth).

Toxicity:

Not reported.

Resistence Stages:

Not reported.

References

Freshwater Algae of North America. Ecology and Classification, Academic Press, Elsevier Science (USA), Wehr J.D., Sheath R.G. (eds.), 2003, 918

Checklist of Baltic Sea Phytoplankton Species. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 95, Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission, Hällfors G., 2004,

Biovolumes and size-classes of phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea, HELCOM Balt.Sea Environ. Proc. No. 106, Olenina I., Hajdu S., Edler L., Andersson A., Wasmund N., Busch S., Göbel J., Gromisz S., Huseby S., Huttunen M., Jaanus A., Kokkonen P., Ledaine I. and Niemkiewicz E., 2006, 1-144

SHAPE
Shape Type
complex
Shape Unit
Cell
Cod:
15 - Truncated Cone + Truncated Cone
Surface Area
Calculate Formula
formula image
Volume
Calculate Formula
formula image
shape image